THE FOUR MEDICINES/NIIWIN MISHKIKIIN
1. East/Waabnong Tobacco/Semaa
Ojibwa (Jibwe) Red Willow Bark
Odawa (Ottawa) Balsam Inner Bark
Potawatomi (Boodewaadmii) Ground Hemlock Inner Bark
2. South/Zhaawnong Cedar/Giizhik
Ojibwa (Jibwe) Balsam Fir
Odawa (Ottawa) Cedar or Balsam Fir
Potawatomi (Boodewaadmii) Ground Hemlock
3. West/Ebngishmog Buffalo Sage/Nbwaakaawnini
Ojibwe (Jibwe) Golden Rod Flowers or Bear Sage
Odawa (Ottawa) All types of flowers
Potawatomi (Boodewaadmii) Red or White Clover Flowers
4. North/Giiwednong Sweetgrass/Wiingash
Ojibwe (Jibwe) Sweetgrass
Odawa (Ottawa) Sweetgrass
Potawatomi (Boodewaadmii) Sweetgrass
What happened for changes in 1956?
In the year 1956 Indians were told to hide their medicines.
The RCMP and government were arresting Indian for doing ceremonies.
Indians were imprisoned for having bundles.
Resulting in Indians hiding and forgetting the ceremonies and teachings.
In recent years, the ceremonies and teachings have come back to the
Indians to be shared with the rest of the world.
